A palavra faz a gente logo pensar no termo médico, mas hoje vamos tratar do termo linguístico 😛 As contrações (contractions) em inglês são formas encurtadas de determinadas palavras, com a omissão de algumas letras. Dessa forma, elas facilitam a comunicação informal tanto escrita quanto falada, à medida que as partes omitidas não são pronunciadas.
Vamos começar com os usos mais comuns:
Verbo TO BE:
Presente - Afirmativo
Presente - Negativo
Passado - Negativo
I am - I**'m**
I am not - I**'m** not
I was not - I wasn't
You are - You**'re**
You are not - You aren't
You were not - You weren't
He/She/It is - He/She/It**'s**
He/She/It is not - He/She/It isn't
He/She/It was not -
He/She/It wasn't
We are - We**'re**
We are not - We aren't
We were not - We weren't
You are - You**'re**
You are not - You aren't
You were not - You weren't
They are - They**'re**
They are not - They aren't
They were not - They weren't
Auxiliar WILL:
Will
Will not
I will - I**'ll**
I will not - I won't
You will - You**'ll**
You will not - You won't
He/She/It will - He/She/It**'ll**
He/She/It will not - He/She/It won't
We will - We**'ll**
We will not - We won't
You will - You**'ll**
You will not - You won't
They will - They**'ll**
They will not - They won't
Auxiliar DO:
Do + not
Did + not
I do not - I don't
I did not - I didn't
You do not - You don't
You did not - You didn't
He/She/It does not - He/She/It doesn't
He/She/It did not - He/She/It didn't
We do not - We don't
We did not - We didn't
You do not - You don't
You did not - You didn't
They do not - They don't
They did not - They didn't
Auxiliares HAVE e WOULD:
Have
Have + not
Had
Would
I have - I**'ve**
I have not - I haven't
I had - I**'d**
I would - I**'d**
You have - You**'ve**
You have not - You haven't
You had - You**'d**
You would - You**'d**
He/She/It has - He/She/It**'s**
He/She/It has not - He/She/It hasn't
He/She/It had - He/She/It**'d**
He/She/It would - He/She/It**'d**
We have - We**'ve**
We have not - We haven't
We had - We**'d**
We would - We**'d**
You have - You**'ve**
You have not - You haven't
You had - You**'d**
You would - You**'d**
They have - They**'ve**
They have not - They haven't
They had - They**'d**
They would - They**'d**
Have e had só podem ser contraídos como auxiliares, ou seja, no present perfect e no past perfect. Perceba acima que a contração tanto para HAD (tinha) quanto WOULD (teria) é igual. Para saber diferenciar, preste atenção ao contexto em que cada uma está sendo usada. Mas damos uma dica: o uso mais comum das contrações I’d/You’d/He’d/She’d/It’d/They’d é com WOULD.
Pronomes + is (verbo to be):
what (o que)
what**'s**
how (como)
how**'s**
when (quando)
when**'s**
where (onde)
where**'s**
who (quem)
who**'s**
here (aqui)
here**'s**
there (há)
there**'s**
that (isso)
that**'s**
Verbos modais em suas formas negativas:
Can + not (não pode)
Could + not (não poderia)
Should + not (não deveria)
Would + not (não teria)
Ought + not (não deveria, *mais formal)
I can not - I can**'t**
I could not - I couldn't
I should not - I shouldn't
I would not - I wouldn't
I ought not - I oughtn't
You can not - You can**'t**
You could not - You couldn't
You should not - You shouldn't
You would not - You wouldn't
You ought not - You oughtn't
He/She/It can not - He/She/It can**'t**
He/She/It could not - He/She/It couldn't
He/She/It should not - He/She/It shouldn't
He/She/It would not - He/She/It wouldn't
He/She/It ought not - He/She/It oughtn't
We can not - We can**'t**
We could not - We couldn't
We should not - we shouldn't
We would not - We wouldn't
We ought not - We oughtn't
You can not - You can**'t**
You could not - You couldn't
You should not - You shouldn't
You would not - You wouldn't
You ought not - You oughtn't
They can not - They can**'t**
They could not - They couldn't
They should not - They shouldn't
They would not - They wouldn't
They ought not - They oughtn't
Atenção – quando quisermos dar ênfase, escrevemos frases negativas SEM as contrações:
We cannot tolerate this kind of behavior any longer. (Não podemos mais tolerar esse tipo de comportamento.)
Feeding zoo animals is not allowed. (É proibido alimentar os animais do zoológico.)
I will not let my assignments for last minute from now on. (Não vou deixar minhas tarefas para última hora a partir de agora.)
could have
could**'ve**
should
should**'ve**
must
must**'ve**
might
might**'ve**
would
would**'ve**
Exemplos:
He could’ve waited for us. (Ele podia ter nos esperado.)
I should’ve eaten more, I’m starving! (Eu devia ter comido mais, estou faminto!)
Pra descontrair, algumas contrações legais para você acrescentar ao seu repertório:
Let’s (let us) go! (Vamos!)
Here’s (here is) to us! (A nós!)
“Here is”, neste caso, se transforma em uma expressão para brindes, e não pode ser interpretada literalmente. Ele pode ser omitido. Ou seja, você pode simplesmente falar “To us” (A nós).
I betcha (bet you) we’ll be late. (Aposto que chegaremos atrasados.)
Dontcha (don’t you) think it’s getting late? (Você não acha que está ficando tarde?)
Gotcha (got you). (Te peguei.)
I got a lotta (lot of) stuff to do. (Tenho muita coisa para fazer.)
I’m outta (out of) here. (Estou de saída.)
Whatcha (what are you) doing? (O que está fazendo?)
Lemme (let me) help you. (Deixa eu ajudar você.)
Gimme (give me) the remote. (Dê o controle remoto para mim.)
Deixamos por último o mais versátil de todos:
Ain’t = am not/are not/is not/have not/has not
Exemplos:
I ain’t (am not) working extra hours today. (Não vou fazer hora extra hoje.)
They ain’t (have not) got a clue. (Eles não fazem ideia.)
https://englishlive.ef.com/pt-br/blog/contracoes-em-ingles/
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